TENSES
1. Simple Present
- Definition: simple sentence form now
- Formula: (+) S + V1 (s/es) + O (If S word change third people)
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O
(?) do/does + S + V3 + O ?
yes + S + do/does
no + S + do/does + not
- Function: to expressing habit, prohibition order, truth of public, truism.
- Auxiliary: -Do : I, you, they, we
-Does : she, he, it , people name, animal, object
- Rule of addition of s/es:
1.
If vb. end in letter fizz ( ch, ss, sh, x, z, c) or end letter of O
Go = Goes ( Go)
Catch = Cathes ( Catching)
Discuss = Discusses ( Discussion
2. If verb end letter of Y & preceded by consonant, hence ‘ Y’
turning into I just is added by ice
Carry = Carries ( Bringing)
Cry = Cries ( Weep)
Fly = Flies ( Fly / fly)
3.
If verb. end letter of Y but preceded by vowel hence added [by] direct [of]
just ess
Buy = Buys
Say = Says
Play =
Plays
- Time Signal :
-Always
-Usually
-Today
-Every
-At
this time
-At
this moment
- Example: (+) We Study English today
(-)
We do not / don’t study English today
(?) Do we study English Today?
2. Present Continous Tense
- Definition: sentence form which doing now.
- Formula: (+) S + is/am/are + Ving + O
(-)
S + is/am/are + not + Ving + O
(?) is/am/are + S + Ving + O ?
yes, S + is/am/are
no, S + is/am/are (isn’t, aren’t, am not)
- Function: expressing deed which underway.
- Auxiliary: Is : she, he, it , people name, animal, object
Am : I
Are : you, they, we
- Time Signal :
-Now
-Today
-At
this time
-At
this moment
-At
present
-Right
now
- Example: (+) You are drinking a cup of coffee
(-)
You aren’t dringking a cup of coffee
(?) Are you drinking a cup of coffee ?
yes,
you are
no,
you aren’t
3.Present Perfect Tense
- Definition: sentence form now have.
- Formula: (+) S+have/has+V3+O
(-) S+have/has+not+V3+O
(?) Have/has+S+V3+O?
Yes, S+have/has
No, S+have/has+not
- Function: expressing an activity which have been started in the past and have at one particular certain time dot in the past or still continue hitherto.
- Auxiliary: -Have: I, you, they, we
-Has: she, he, it, people name, animal,
object
- Time signal:
- since
-
ever
- almost
- just
-several times
- Example: (+) She has written a letter
(-) She hasn’t written a letter
(?) Has she written a letter?
Yes,she has
No, she hasn’t
4.Present Perfect Continous
- Definition: form sentence which have been started by past time and still take place.
- Formula: (+) S+have/has+been+Ving+O
(-)
S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O
(?) Have/has+S+been+Ving+O?
Yes,S+Have/has
No,S+Have/has+not
- Function: expressing deed started when tooing and still take place until now.
- Auxiliary: -Have been: I, you, they, we
-Has been: she, he, it, people
name, animal, object
- Time Signal:
-since
-for
-long
-lately
- Ø Example: (+) He has been singing a song
(-) He hasn’t been singing a song
(?) Has he been singing a song?
Yes, he has been
No, he hasn’t been
5. Simple Past Tense
- Definition: simple sentence form at the time of past.
- Formula: (+) S+V2+O
(-) S+did+not+V1+O
(?) Did +S+V1+O?
Yes,S+did
No, S+did+not
- Function: to expressing activity that happened in past time (time known)
- Time signal:
-yesterday
-ago
-last
-lately
-so
-the other day
- Example: (+) She went to Surabaya yesterday
(-) She didn’t go to Surabaya
yesterday
(?) Did she go to Surabaya
yesterday?
Yes, she did
No, she didn’t
6. Past Continous Tense
- Definition: sentence form which underway in past time.
- Formula: (+) S+was/were+Ving+O
(-) S+was/were+not+Ving+O
(?)
Was/were+S+Ving+O?
Yes, S+was/were
No, S+was/were+not
- Function: to express activity which is doing in past time.
- Auxiliary: -Was: I, she, he, it, people name, animal, object
-Were: you, they, we
- Time signal:
-….while…
-…as…
-…when..
-all day yesterday
-at 5 o’clock yesterday
- Example: (+) I was studying all day yesterday
(-) I wasn’t studying all day
yesterday
(?) Was I studying all day yesterday?
Yes, I was
No, I wasn’t
7. Past Perfect Tense
- Definition: sentence form which have finished in past time.
- Formula: (+) S+had+V3+O
(-)
S+had+not+V3+O
(?)
Had+S+V3+O?
Yes,
S+had
No,
S+had+not
- Function: to express activity which have finished, before an other activity happened in past time.
- Time signal:
-before
-by the end of
- Example: (+) He had fallen before I helped him
(-) He hadn’t fallen before I helped him
(?) Had he fallen before I helped him?
Yes, He had
No, hadn’t
8. Past Perfect Continous Tense
- Definition: sentence form which have been started and still take place past time.
- Formula: (+) S+had+been+Ving+O
(-) S+had+not+been+Ving+O
(?) had+S+been+Ving+O?
Yes, S+had+been
No, S+had+not+been
- Function: to express activity which have happened certain during ( past time) when other activity happened in past time also.
- Time signal:
-when
- Example: (+) I had been working
(-) I hadn’t been working
(?) Had I been working?
Yes, I had been
No, I hadn’t been
9. Simple Future Tense
- Definition: simple sentence form express activity to come.
- Formula: (+) S+will/shall+V1+O
(-) S+will/shall+not+V1+O
(?)
Will/shall+S+V1+O?
Yes,
S+will/shall
No,
S+will/shall+not
- Function: -to express activity to be done when to come.
-to making an agreement when to
come.
-to showing condition.
-to requesting to someone to do something.
- Auxiliary: - Will: all subject
-Shall: I
and We
- Time signal:
-if
-when
-before
-after
-as soon as
-until
- Example: (+) You will study
(-) You will not study
(?) Will You study?
10.Future Continous Tense
- Definition: sentence form to underway in the future.
- Formula:(+)S+will/shall+be+Ving
(-)S+will/shall+not+be+Ving
(?) Will/shall + S + be + Ving?
(?) Will/shall + S + be + Ving?
- Function: to express activity to underway incoming time.
- Time signal:
-at the same time tomorrow
-at this time tomorrow
- Example:(+)She will be learning music
(-) she will
not be learning music
(?)Will She be learning music?
11. Future Perfect Tense
- Definition: sentence form to have in the future.
- Formula: (+) S+will+have+V3
(-)S+will+not+have+V3
(?)Will+S+have+V3
- Function: to express activity to have in the future.
- Time signal:
-by the end of
-by next
-by now
- Example: (+) You will have worked
(-) You will not have worked
(?) Will You have worked?
12. Future Perfect Continous Tense
- Definition: sentence form to have underway certain during in the future.
Formula: (+) S+will+have+been+Ving
(-) S+will+not+have+been+Ving
(?) Will+S+have+been+Ving
Function: to express activity to have underway certain during in the future.
Time signal:
-by the end of..
Example: (+) They will have been driving home
(-) They will not have been driving home
(?) Will They have been driving home?
